{"version":"1.0","provider_name":"Somatic Landscape","provider_url":"https:\/\/somaticlandscape.com","author_name":"admin5201","author_url":"https:\/\/somaticlandscape.com\/index.php\/author\/admin5201\/","title":"+ Info Mouraria - Somatic Landscape","type":"rich","width":600,"height":338,"html":"<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/somaticlandscape.com\/index.php\/info-mouraria\/\">+ Info Mouraria<\/a><\/blockquote>\n<script type='text\/javascript'>\n<!--\/\/--><![CDATA[\/\/><!--\n\t\t\/*! This file is auto-generated *\/\n\t\t!function(d,l){\"use strict\";var e=!1,n=!1;if(l.querySelector)if(d.addEventListener)e=!0;if(d.wp=d.wp||{},!d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage)if(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if(t)if(t.secret||t.message||t.value)if(!\/[^a-zA-Z0-9]\/.test(t.secret)){for(var r,i,a,s=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),n=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret=\"'+t.secret+'\"]'),o=new RegExp(\"^https?:$\",\"i\"),c=0;c<n.length;c++)n[c].style.display=\"none\";for(c=0;c<s.length;c++)if(r=s[c],e.source===r.contentWindow){if(r.removeAttribute(\"style\"),\"height\"===t.message){if(1e3<(a=parseInt(t.value,10)))a=1e3;else if(~~a<200)a=200;r.height=a}if(\"link\"===t.message)if(i=l.createElement(\"a\"),a=l.createElement(\"a\"),i.href=r.getAttribute(\"src\"),a.href=t.value,o.test(a.protocol))if(a.host===i.host)if(l.activeElement===r)d.top.location.href=t.value}}},e)d.addEventListener(\"message\",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",t,!1),d.addEventListener(\"load\",t,!1);function t(){if(!n){n=!0;for(var e,t,r=-1!==navigator.appVersion.indexOf(\"MSIE 10\"),i=!!navigator.userAgent.match(\/Trident.*rv:11\\.\/),a=l.querySelectorAll(\"iframe.wp-embedded-content\"),s=0;s<a.length;s++){if(!(e=a[s]).getAttribute(\"data-secret\"))t=Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,10),e.src+=\"#?secret=\"+t,e.setAttribute(\"data-secret\",t);if(r||i)(t=e.cloneNode(!0)).removeAttribute(\"security\"),e.parentNode.replaceChild(t,e)}}}}(window,document);\n\/\/--><!]]>\n<\/script><iframe sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" src=\"https:\/\/somaticlandscape.com\/index.php\/info-mouraria\/embed\/\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" title=\"&#8220;+ Info Mouraria&#8221; &#8212; Somatic Landscape\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\"><\/iframe>","description":"+ info Mouraria Multiculturality Mobility paradigm and tourism Urban landscape heritage Identity and community Body and performance Multiculturality Mouraria\u2019s identity is marked by the multicultural coexistence of its inhabitants. Immigrated residents that open their businesses in the neighbourhood cohabit with local residents who also migrated to Lisbon in the 1950s and 1960s from the Portuguese provinces and Galiza (Spain). It was in the mid-1970s, when Mouraria began to receive Indo-Portuguese, Hindus and Muslim immigrants, from the African Portuguese colonies, opening commercial businesses. Between 1991 and 2001 the district attracted new residents, among them Guineans and Cape Verdeans. In the early 2000s, along with Chinese from Zhejiang Province, which opened commercial stores, also appeared Pakistani and Bangladeshi businesses (Bastos, 2004; Mapril, 2010). In 2002, a survey on commerce in Mouraria carried out by the Mouraria Project Unit (UPM) found that 56.9% of the commerce was owned by Portuguese, 31.5% was in Indian hands, 4.8% Africans, 3.6% Chinese and 2.4% Pakistanis (UP Mouraria, 2010). In 2010, Senegalese and Zairians opened businesses in the area of cosmetics, music, food products and catering. In Mouraria, there were 51 different nationalities in 2009 (Fonseca, McGarrigle, et.al., 2012), and in 2011 statistical studies revealed that 8% of the population were immigrants, most of them from the PALOP countries (41% ), Indo-Portuguese (7%), Chinese (3%) and North and South American (2%), other Asian countries (19%), and Europeans (17%), (INE, 2012). \u00a0 Neighborhood&#8217;s calendar of festivities and leisure activities and its multicultural character. Source: C. Rosado, Mercado Fus\u00e3o, A. Moya. \u00a0 In 2016, according to our characterization survey developed in the neighborhood (Moya and Batista, 2017), we observed that the Chinese community is an immigrant group with autonomy in its functional structure, in charge of services (16%) and commerce (84%). It is a community that self-sustains the functional needs of its members with a varied number of services (arrangements, cleaning, laundry, culture, education, recreation, finances, travel agencies, hotels, restaurants and snack bars, beauty centers and health), with two weekly journals written only in Chinese addressed to all the Chinese community: Europe Weekly (since 1999) and PuXin (since 2005). It counts with social organizations, including religious associations (Chinese Evangelist Christian Church and the Daoist Association of Portugal) and aid associations (Association of Shandong Chinese, Support Centre of the Chinese Immigrant and the European Association of Zhejiang businessmen). The Chinese community has nearly the monopoly of wholesale in the neighbourhood, located mainly in the two shopping malls of Martim Moniz Square. The small properties, trade and services of all South Asian ethnic groups, represent 14,8 % of the total working population, therefore there are considered high entrepreneur immigrants behind the Chinese which represented 27% (Malheiros, Estevens, et.al., 2016:19). The population from India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal have a business trade that is geographically dispersed in the neighborhood. The Bangladeshi group had the majority of food commerce (35%), with minimarkets, grocery stores and butchers Halal. It is a community with an active presence in the religious public life, with important date festivities. They represent a group with diversity in their religious beliefs, rituals and religious social structures. The Muslim community, for example, enables the affiliation of members with wider cultural backgrounds. Since the 1990s, Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, Guinean-Bissau, Guinean Conakry and some number of Moroccan citizens, meet and gather in a transnational Muslim community at the Martim Moniz Jamea Masjid place of cult. In 2000, a group of Bangladeshi migrants also created the Baitul Mukarram Mosque in Mouraria, informally called \u201cBangla Mosque\u201d. Location and classification of services offered by the Chinese community in Mouraria (May, 2016). Source: A. Moya \u00a0 Bibliography: BASTOS, C., &#8211; Lisboa, s\u00e9culo XXI: uma p\u00f3s-metr\u00f3pole nos tr\u00e2nsitos mundiais. In Jos\u00e9 Machado Pais, Leila Maria Blass (orgs.), Tribos Urbanas: Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Art\u00edstica e Identidades. Lisboa: Imprensa de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, 2004, 195-224. FONSECA, M. L.; MCGARRIGLE, J., et.al &#8211; Modes of inter-ethnic coexistence in three neighbourhoods, Lisbon Metropolitan Area: a comparative perspective. Lisboa: Colibri, Centro de Estudos Geogr\u00e1ficos, 2012. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTAT\u00cdSTICA (INE) Censos 2011, Resultados definitivos. Regi\u00e3o Lisboa, 2012. MALHEIROS, J., ESTEVENS, A., et.al. \u2013 Diversity in the Economy and Local Integration (DELI), Lisbon (Final Report). Lisbon: Universidade de Lisboa, IGOT, CEG, CM Lisbon, May 2016. MAPRIL, J., &#8211; Banglapara: Imigra\u00e7\u00e3o, Neg\u00f3cios e (In)formalidades em Lisboa. In Etnogr\u00e1fica, Vol 14 (2), 2010, 243-263. MOYA, A.M., and BATISTA, D., &#8211; A Dimens\u00e3o do Patrim\u00f3nio Intang\u00edvel em Paisagens Urbanas Hist\u00f3ricas Multiculturais. Bairro da Mouraria como Estudo de Caso. Portugal, Territ\u00f3rio de Territ\u00f3rios, Atas do IX Congresso Portugu\u00eas de Sociologia, Lisboa: Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Sociologia, 2017, 1-16. Mobility paradigm and tourism From the 2000 onwards, the effects of neoliberalism and globalization are evident in the increase in social mobility, migration flows and mass tourism, in the context of urban \u201csuper-diversity\u201d of Mouraria\u2019s residents. This fact has irreversible effects in the transformation of social, cultural and economic processes in the neighbourhood, and in changing the nature and identity of the urban landscape as a whole. Residential temporality has been a variable that has affected in the last ten years the dynamics of cultural integration and interaction in the neighbourhood (Moya, 2019). Urban communities and institutional actors have been trying to preserve the authenticity of its urban atmosphere, establishing a balance between the \u201csuper-diversity\u201d of migratory life models (Vertovec, 2007), the continuity of neighbourhood traditions and tourist consumption patterns. In 2012, Lisbon saw a huge increase in city tourism, with 2,9 million visitors (INE 2012). Lisbon also became a hotspot for the city tourism industry, with two distinguished awards won in 2017 as Best World Destiny by City Break, and in 2018 as the Best European Destiny of the World Awards.Therefore, touristic lodgings play an important role in the offer of services, with an increase in the number of short term rental offers in virtual platforms such as Airbnb and HomeAway. In a characterisation survey carried out in June 2016, only within these platforms, we accounted an offer of 528 touristic apartments and 119 renting rooms (Moya and Batista, 2017: 14). In July 2019, a new analysis of data was extracted from www.airdna.co, reporting the short-term rental properties in Mouraria within the same virtual platforms, gave us the value of 1.223 apartments and 196 renting rooms; an offer that represents a growth of 119%, in three years (Moya, 2021). Left image: Tourists in transit at Nossa Sra da Sa\u00fade procession. Source: A. Moya, May 2016. Comparison of accommodation offers in virtual platforms in Mouraria, between May 2016 and June 2019. Source: A. Moya. \u00a0 There is also an international real estate investment market in the renovation of housing for specifically touristic lodging or for investment purposes. Foreigners are encouraged to apply for so-called golden visas and fiscal benefits when pursuing new properties. Two years before the Covid-19 crisis (2018-19), every single corner in the neighbourhood had buildings under renovation or under construction. Therefore, since august 2018, the Municipality imposed the banning of new local touristic lodging in those historical neighbourhoods located in the historical core of the city, such as Mouraria or Castelo, Alfama, Gra\u00e7a, Bairro Alto, Madragoa, or Chiado , which needed to be protected from aggressive economical investment forces. The increase in real estate investments by foreign capital, together with the offer of tourist residences on shared economy platforms (Airbnb and Homeaway) and the opening of new catering and commerce venues aimed at tourists, pave the irreversible path of \u201cgentrification\u201d and \u201c touristification\u201d of the neighbourhood. The lively social and collaborative nature of the neighbourhood has been dramatically changing at an accelerated rate, by the forced eviction of the neighbors, the non-renovation or the increase of their rents, with dramatic and painful situations of having to abandon their family homes where they lived for three generations. Gentrification processes also affect the local commerce, the local taverns, and family restaurants, and the craftsmanship ateliers and shops, including the collaborative networks of socio-cultural and regional associations, which cannot afford to pay the high rents of their establishments. The City Council, and the parish of St. Maria Maior, created in April 2018 the initiative \u201cThe Faces of Eviction. For the Right to Inhabit the Historic Centre\u201d, with the purpose of giving visibility and voice to the witnesses of evictions in the historical centre of Lisbon. At the present, this process of social desertification of the historical centre, causes, for the first time, the anonymity and isolation of the few local residents that remain in the neighbourhood. In the past, Mouraria was known for the social cooperation among its neighbours. Nowadays, many residents complain that they do not know the new residents. Now, those empty apartments that are renovated receive temporary tourists or international residents that live during certain periods of the year. Residents turn out to be all strangers to each other.\u00a0 Left Image: Arrival to Lisbon of Britannia Cruise P&amp;O with 3.647 tourists and 1.350 crew. Source: A. Moya, 2017. In 2018, sixteen residents in Lagares Street, number 25, won the battle against an investor that bought the house for touristic lodging. With the aid of the City Council the residents arrived at an agreement with the new owner to extend for five years their new rent contracts, delaying their possible eviction for that time. However, the same year 2018, in January, Casa dos Amigos do Minho had its definitive closure. This emblematic building, with 65 years of history in the neighbourhood, on Benformoso street, was sold by a real estate investor. The disappearance of this symbolic regional association gave public visibility to the destruction of Mouraria&#8217;s popular neighbouring identity. Right image: Touristic moto-cars in Baixa, Lisbon. Source: A. Moya, 2017. Neighbours claiming their rights for rental lodging in Lagares street number 25, Mouraria, September 2017. Source: A. Moya. \u00a0 Bibliography: INSTITUTO NACIONAL ESTAT\u00cdSTICA (INE), Censos 2011, Resultados Definitivos. Regi\u00e3o Lisboa. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional Estat\u00edstica, IP, 2012. http:\/\/censos.ine.pt\/ MOYA, A.; BATISTA, D., \u201cA dimens\u00e3o do patrim\u00f3nio intang\u00edvel em paisagens urbanas hist\u00f3ricas multiculturais. Bairro da Mouraria como estudo de caso&#8221;. Em Portugal, Territ\u00f3rio de Territ\u00f3rios, Atas do IX Congresso Portugu\u00eas de Sociologia, Lisboa: Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Sociologia, 2017, 1-16. MOYA, A., \u201cSustentabilidade sociocultural na paisagem urbana hist\u00f3rica e multicultural no bairro da Mouraria, Lisboa\u201d. Em GOT, Revista de Geografia e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, n.17 (junho), Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, 2019, 179-199. MOYA PELLITERO, A., \u201cO Papel do Corpo na Redefini\u00e7\u00e3o da Identidade da Paisagem Urbana. Caso de Estudo da Mouraria, Lisboa\u201d. Em P. Fidalgo (Coord.) Din\u00e2micas da paisagem: entre a realidade e o desejo (Vol.I). HTC, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Humanas, U Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2021, 74-92. VERTOVEC, S., Super-diversity and its Implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies. London: Routledge, 2007, 1024-1054. Urban landscape heritage Mouraria\u2019s urban landscape heritage is a social, cultural and also an economic asset. It forms part of the shared identity values of its community, of the city&#8217;s historical legacies that determines its cultural richness but also is fundamental for a sustainable economic development, moving tourist and cultural industries. The conservation of the urban landscape heritage by public policies takes these facts into account. As the UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation states, the heritage values of the urban landscape are no longer found in monuments and architectural ensembles, but also in the broader recognition of the social, cultural and economic processes that enable a sustainable development and preserve and enhance specific qualities of the urban environment, based on a complex interrelationship between the physical-geomorphological space and social practices in their intangible dimension related to cultural diversity and creativity. Limits of Mouraria neighbourhood in Lisbon according to the four different urban requalification plans (1989, 1997, and 2009). In white the area of our present case study. Source: A. Moya. Regarding Mouraria\u2019s physical morphology and built urban fabric, several elements are relevant tangible heritage assets in its urban landscape. The neighbourhood was little affected by the 1755 earthquake, with few Pombaline reconstruction interventions. This fact allowed the conservation of its urban spatial structure with fundamental elements of Islamic urbanism. Its heritage attributes are found in its...","thumbnail_url":"http:\/\/somaticlandscape.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/11_atividades-culturais.jpg"}